The Gough Map: The Medieval Map of England

Medieval maps often conjure images of mysterious and symbolic representations, where geography mingled with mythology, religious ideas, and limited scientific understanding. However, amidst these often fantastical cartographic works, the Gough Map stands out as a remarkable and pioneering representation of England in the Middle Ages. Created in the late 14th century, the Gough Map is one of the earliest surviving maps to depict England and parts of Wales with notable geographic accuracy.

This article explores the history, characteristics, and significance of the Gough Map—shedding light on how medieval England was visualized, understood, and navigated through this extraordinary artifact.

Introduction to Medieval Cartography

The Role of Maps in the Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, maps served various purposes: spiritual, educational, practical, and political. Many medieval maps, such as the famous Hereford Mappa Mundi, were designed more as theological diagrams than accurate geographic tools. They depicted the world centered around Jerusalem or included mythical creatures and allegorical symbols.

Yet, practical needs also spurred the creation of maps used for travel, administration, and military planning. Coastal charts, pilgrimage routes, and estate plans gradually introduced more pragmatic cartographic approaches.

The Gough Map’s Context

The Gough Map emerged around the late 14th century—an era of growing administrative sophistication in England, expanding trade, and increasing travel. It reflects a transition from symbolic to more empirical geographic representations, combining detailed place-names with recognizable routes and landmarks. shutdown123